Story time:Edit: what's your theory?
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Spoiler: show
I've replaced my S10+ with an Xperia 1.
CA worked on the Xperia 1 in Dubai on B1+B3+B20, couldn't test B8 LTE since they don't use it there.
Upon arriving in Pak, no CA on the Xperia 1 at the airport, which is where it usually works. Thought it might have been a signal issue since it was super weak that day and I don't think the airport has fixed cell towers anyway.
No CA in Islamabad, no CA in Pindi, no CA anywhere. I took out my SIM and put it in a Xiaomi Mi9, CA worked fine, tried in a Galaxy A70, CA still works fine.
Went crazy trying to figure out why it wouldn't work, and then I found this - Modify Sony Xperia 1 LTE-A band combos
In the comments I asked the OP about the issue I was having and this was his reply:
So Sony (or Google) has restricted band support based on the MCC/MNC of the SIM card, and there's no way to enable B8 without root or using QPST to modify the modem directly.On Carrier Policy i see on MCC 410 have enabled only bands 1 (2100Mhz), 3 (1800Mhz), 7 (2600Mhz) and 20 (800Mhz). If you have rooted Xperia 1 you can enable band 8 (900MHz) and combos via carrier policy. Changing firmware doesn’t help because carrier policy depends per MCC/MNC/PLMN.
I started going through these:
Carrier Configuration | Android Open Source Project
APN and CarrierConfig | Android Open Source Project
Carrier Identification | Android Open Source Project
It seems like Sony + Google have out-of-date info on what bands are being used in Pakistan, so devices that use the stock AOSP CarrierPolicy method to determine bands will have this issue. OEMs like Xiaomi, Samsung, Nokia and I assume many others will probably just leave all bands that the phone supports enabled.
I guess if/when Jazz, Zong and Telenor roll out VoLTE, they'll have to update the files mentioned above by submitting requests to Google and while they're doing that, they should mention exactly which bands they're using.